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Revised Schedule of Fees for Applications made to the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA)

Swartkrans Dating Samples Nomination- 9/2/233/12

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HeritageAuthority(s): 

Case Type: 

ProposalDescription: 

Swartkrans is noteworthy because the fossil remains contain the largest sample of Paranthropus robustus in Southern Africa, as well as Homo ergasterl erectus bones in cave fill that accumulated between 1.8 and 1 million years ago. Approximately 270 bones from Swartkrans' Member 3 have been burned. This is some of the world's oldest evidence for the probable usage of fire by humans. At least 68 bones from Swartkrans' Members 1-3 exhibit use-wear compatible with them being used as digging implements. Portion R Zwartkrans 1721 Q, Gauteng, South Africa.

Expanded_Motivation: 

Swartkrans' natural history is quite similar to that of Sterkfontein and other fossil sites in the Cradle of Humankind. Natural erosion created caves underneath, which were then filled with dirt, bones, and other inclusions and cemented as breccia. Swartkrans has a particularly complicated history of cutting, filling, and sinking, and deposits were further disrupted by lime works between 1949 and 1951 when dripstone was removed. The witness portions have been left open, and parts of the excavated area still have the excavation grid visible. Swartkrans was worked on by lime miners at various times during the first half of the twentieth century, but hominin fossils were discovered there in 1948 during an exploratory excavation led by Robert Broom of the Transvaal Museum and partially funded by Wendell Phillips and the University of California Africa Expedition. After a lime mining hiatus during which more hominin fossils and early Homo remains were discovered, work was resumed in the early 1950s by JT Robin son after Broom's death.

ApplicationDate: 

Wednesday, September 1, 2021 - 16:52

CaseID: 

17058

OtherReferences: 

ContactPerson
Heidi Weldon

ReferenceList: 
 
 

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