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Temporary export permit of tools with mastic for traceology from Simons Cave, Western Cape

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Status: 

HeritageAuthority(s): 

Case Type: 

ProposalDescription: 

This application for temporary export permit is to study macro and microscopic wear traces and residues on stone tools from recent excavations of Simons Cave, Western Cape.

Expanded_Motivation: 

The farm of Simons Cave is located ~20 km north-west of the famous site of Diepkloof Rockshelter, ~230 km north of Cape Town, and is a rock-shelter site in the Table Mountain Sandstone, approximately 8km south of the town of Lamberts Baai and ~2km inland from the current western coastline. There are two sandstone caves at the site: the previously excavated Holocene sequence at Steenbokfontein Cave (Jerardino and Swanepoel 1999; Jerardino et al. 2000), and Simons Cave, the focal site of this permit application. The shelter is ~15m wide at the mouth and measures ~15m from the drip line to the rear wall of the cave. The deposits extends well outside of the dripline, and the cave’s surface has an undulating topography that slopes relatively acutely from the rear towards the dripline and down the talus. The surface of the deposit is organic rich with fine shell-fragments, though the texture, colour and inclusions vary substantially with depth. Three object with possible adhesive remains were recovered during recent fieldwork. The sister site of Steenbokfontein; located on the other side of the koppie [2]. This site yielded many objects with adhesive remains [3], and we are currently examining 13 of those objects at the TU Delft (CaseID: 14109). In collaboration with Dr W. Archer, director of the Simons Cave excavation, we would like to analyse three tools from Simons Cave (see attached description of the objects). The tools will be studied with light and digital microscopy to understand the manner in which tools with prehistoric glues were used. With morphological analysis through microscopy we can only identify potential glue remains. The tool will be subsequently analyzed with non-destructive spectrographic methods (XRD/XRF, Raman and micro-FTIR ), which help the reconstruction of the inorganic and organic components of the adhesives. Please also see research plan.

ApplicationDate: 

Tuesday, April 5, 2022 - 11:07

CaseID: 

18295

OtherReferences: 

ReferenceList: 

CitationReferenceTypeDate Retrieved
Jerardino, Antonieta, and Tim Maggs. "Simon se Klip at Steenbokfontein: the settlement pattern of a built pastoralist encampment on the west coast of South Africa." South African Archaeological Bulletin 62.186 (2007): 104-114.
Tuesday, April 5, 2022
Jerardino, A., Two complementary West Coast Holocene lithic assemblages from Elands Bay and Lamberts Bay: implications for local changes in tool kit and group mobility. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 2013. 68(198): p. 188-199.
Tuesday, April 5, 2022
Jerardino, A., Diversity in mastic-mounted stone adzes and the use of mastic in precolonial South Africa: evidence from Steenbokfontein Cave. Antiquity, 2001. 75(290): p. 859-866.
Tuesday, April 5, 2022
Charrié-Duhaut, A., G. Porraz, C.R. Cartwright, M. Igreja, J. Connan, C. Poggenpoel, and P.-J. Texier, First molecular identification of a hafting adhesive in the Late Howiesons Poort at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa). Journal of Archaeological Science, 2013. 40(9): p. 3506-3518.
Tuesday, April 5, 2022
Lombard, M., The gripping nature of ochre: The association of ochre with Howiesons Poort adhesives and Later Stone Age mastics from South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution, 2007. 53(4): p. 406-419.
Tuesday, April 5, 2022
Parkington, J. E., Porraz, G., Igreja, M., Texier, P. J., & Charrié-Duhaut, A. (2016). Holocene hunter-gatherers and adhesive manufacture in the West Coast of South Africa. Southern African Humanities, 29(1), 283-306.
Tuesday, April 5, 2022
Langejans, G., Aleo, A., Fajardo, S., & Kozowyk, P. (2022). Archaeological Adhesives. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology.
Tuesday, April 5, 2022
 
 

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