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Temporary export of glass beads to Sweden for analysis

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CaseHeader

Status: 

HeritageAuthority(s): 

Case Type: 

ProposalDescription: 

Proposal to temporarily export a selection of 27 glass beads from the Mapungubwe region to be analyzed with LA-ICP-MS to measure the concentration of low Z elements. LA-ICP-MS was broadly used for compositional study of glass in the past 10 years due to its accuracy and its ability in detection of low Z and trace elements. results will be compared with pXRF results hopefully confirming the method of classification of glass. Pretoria, University of Pretoria Department of Anthropology & Archaeology, Gauteng.

Expanded_Motivation: 

The research hereby proposed is a continuation of previous research on trade glass beads from Mapungubwe and related sites. The main goal is attempting to locate the ancient trade routes connecting Asia and Europe with southern Africa. These glass beads were found along the East Coast and interior/hinterland sites. Glass beads are informative especially in terms of their morphology and composition, which attributes are vital in retracing their origin and thus vital in revealing trade patterns in the past and the chronology of the sites in which they have been found. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) is the main non-destructive techniques that was used successfully in analyzing the beads from Mapungubwe, K2, Mutamba, Magoro Hill (South Africa), Basinghall Farm and adjacent sites in south eastern Botswana, and, Baranda in Zimbabwe (Prinsloo & Colomban 2008, Prinsloo et al. 2011; Koleini et al. 2016a; Koleini et al. 2016b; Koleini et al.2017a; Koleini et al. 2017b). This resulted in the gathering of a compositional database for some pre-colonial beads series attributed to the Mapungubwe, K2, African East Coast and the Khami period, and a few European beads. The recent analyses of reference glass samples of the “Corning Museum of Glass” with pXRF showed that spectral interferences could cause wrong measurements of some elemental concentration. These elements are mostly among the low Z ones. Therefore, some of glass beads will be chosen to be analyzed with LA-ICP-MS to measure the concentration of low Z elements. LA-ICP-MS was broadly used for compositional study of glass in the past 10 years due to its accuracy and its ability in detection of low Z and trace elements. The results will be compared with the pXRF for confirming the method of classification of glass by the latter. Development of the compositional database for glass beads series and ceramics is an essential necessity for pXRF in future works. The pXRF method is cost effective with availability to be used immediately after excavation for field archaeologists. This research will place more emphasis on the European traded glass beads to determine their elemental composition quantitatively.

ApplicationDate: 

Thursday, March 1, 2018 - 15:00

CaseID: 

12282

OtherReferences: 

Heritage Reports: 

Interim report Temporary Export Glass beads, Sweden

ReferenceList: 

CitationReferenceType
Koleini, F., Pikirayi, I., Colomban, Ph. 2017a. Revisiting Baranda: a multi-analytical approach in classifying sixteenth/seventeenth-century glass beads from northern Zimbabwe. Antiquity 91(357): 751-764.
Koleini, F., Pikirayi, I., Antonites, A., Colomban, Ph. 2017b. Raman and XRF classification of Asian and European glass beads recovered at Mutamba, a southern African Middle Iron Age site. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 13: 333-340.
Koleini, F., Prinsloo, L.C., Biemond, W. M., Colomban, Ph., Nego, A., Boeyens, J., van der Ryst, M. 2016a. Towards refining the classification of glass trade beads imported into southern Africa from the 8th to the 16th century AD. Journal of Cultural Heritage 19:435-444.
Koleini, F., Prinsloo, L.C., Biemond, W.M., Colomban, Ph., Nego, A., Boeyens, J., van der Ryst M., van Brakel, K. 2016b. Unravelling the glass trade bead sequence from Magoro Hill, South Africa: separating pre-17th-century Asian imports from later European counterparts. Heritage Science 4:43. (DOI 10.1186/s40494-016-0113-2).
Prinsloo, L.C., A. Tournié & Ph. Colomban. 2011. A Raman spectroscopic study of glass trade beads excavated at Mapungubwe hill and K2, two archaeological sites in southern Africa, raises question about the last occupation date of the hill. Journal of Archaeological Science 38: 3264-3277.
AdditionalDocuments
  1. PDF icon Letter of courier confirmation
  2. PDF icon Annexure A: Inventory of glass beads
 
 

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