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Bioarchaeology of Late Iron Age individuals and labourers from the mineral revolution

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ProposalDescription: 

This study will determine whether migration was characteristic of individuals from Late Iron Age societies before the advent of the migrant labour system which brought labourers to the diamond and gold mines. Moreover diet will be assessed to determine differences over time. Analyses of enamel, dentine, and rib bone will allow us to build life histories of the individuals.

Expanded_Motivation: 

The high labour demands of colonial possessions characterised South Africa from the mid-17th-century Dutch Cape to the late-19th and early-20th century British Witwatersrand. The Cape was, a slave society—one in which both social and economic spheres were intertwined with slavery. Deep-level mining in the Witwatersrand required cheap and ubiquitous labour. The mine owners, Rand Lords, worked together with the colonial administration to keep costs down and profits high. Our overarching concern is to investigate the progression of the different forms of labour in South Africa’s history— enslaved, indentured, and migrant labour — part of a 350-year continuum using isotope analysis. Archival and biogeochemistry techniques will be employed to determine whether the different forms of labour made a material difference to labourers lives. The study will be the first to utilise the strontium, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen isotope systems to elucidate the individual and group migration and dietary histories of labourers to the gold and diamond mines. We will gauge the effect of colonial contact and the migrant labour system on labourers and the societies whence they came. These data will also provide a fundamental basis for future comparisons to the Dutch colonial Cape and postbellum United States.

ApplicationDate: 

Friday, November 5, 2021 - 11:29

CaseID: 

17478

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ReferenceList: 

CitationReferenceTypeDate Retrieved
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